Current Issue : April - June Volume : 2020 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 7 Articles
Background: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by a defect\nin the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex. The disease primarily presents with\nrecurrent infections, and patients may also present with inflammatory conditions, including noninfectious colitis, and\nan increased frequency of autoimmunity. We report here a patient with CGD in whom the presentation, unlike the\nclassical presentation of CGD, was predominantly of an inflammatory and autoimmune phenotype.\nCase presentation: A 3-year-old Pakistani female presented with bloody diarrhea since the age of 7 days, followed\nby the development of perianal abscesses and fistula. There was no other history of recurrent infections. The patient\nsubsequently developed joint pain and stiffness with persistently elevated inflammatory markers and elevated anticyclic\ncitrullinate peptide (anti-CCP) antibody titer. She was diagnosed with oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis\nand colitis. .........................................
Background: Monocytes play an important role in immune and inflammatory diseases and monocyte subsets are\npredictors of disease in certain conditions. Expression of the chemokine receptors, CCR2 and CX3CR1 on monocyte\nsubsets relates to their function and can be used in their characterization. Our objective was to determine whether\nCD14, CD16, CCR2 and CX3CR1 on monocyte subsets are potential indicators of asthma severity.\nMethods: Blood samples were collected from Saudi Arabian patients with asthma and normal healthy individuals.\nSix-color flow-cytometry phenotypic analysis was used to identify human blood monocyte subsets, based on their\nexpression of CD14 and CD16 following CD45 gating...............................
Background: Histoplasmosis is one of the invasive fungal infections and presents with symptoms mainly in the\nlungs. Disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) is rare and its lesions in the gastrointestinal tract are even uncommon. The\nconcomitant involvement of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract has never been described in the\nimmunocompetent individuals.\nCase presentation: A 44-year-old immunocompetent Chinese man presented with fever, hepatosplenomegaly,\nfungal esophagitis and protuberant lesions with central depression and erosion along the mucous membrane of\nthe colon. The patient was diagnosed as disseminated histoplasmosis by gastrointestinal endoscopy.\nConclusions: Histoplasmosis should be taken caution in patients with fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Actions\nshould be taken to avoid its disseminated infection associated high mortality....
Background: Mutant peptides presented by cancer cells are superior vaccine candidates than self peptides. The\nefficacy of mutant K-Ras, P53 and EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) peptides have been tested as cancer\nvaccines in pancreatic, colorectal, and lung cancers. The immunogenicity of EGFR Del19 mutations, frequent in\nChinese lung adenocarcinoma patients, remains unclear.\nResults: We predicted the HLA binding epitopes of Del19 mutations of EGFR in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma\npatients with NetMHC software. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect the EGFRreactive\nIgG in lung cancer patients. Del19 mutations may be presented by multiple HLA Class I molecules, with\ndelE746_A750 presented by 37.5% of Chinese population. For HLA Class II molecules, Del19 mutations of EGFR may\nbe presented by multiple HLA-DRB1 molecules, with delE746_A750 presented by 58.1% of Chinese population.\nSerum reactivity to wild type EGFR protein was significantly higher in patients with Del19 EGFR mutations than\nthose with EGFR L858R point mutation or with EGFR wild type genotype.\nConclusions: These findings suggest that Del19 mutations of EGFR, with an estimated frequency of 40% in Chinese\nlung adenocarcinoma patients, may serve as unique targets for immunotherapy in Chinese lung cancer patients....
Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious mainly bacterial infection associated with high mortality.\nEpidemiology of fatal IE is however largely unknown. We studied occurrence and trends of fatal IE in a populationbased\nsetting...............................
Background: Myeloid cells, especially mononuclear phagocytes, which include monocytes, macrophages and\ndendritic cells (DC), play vital roles in innate immunity, and in the initiation and maintenance of adaptive immunity.\nWhile T cell-associated activation pathways and cytokines have been identified and evaluated in inflammatory\nbowel disease (IBD) patients (Neurath, Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 14:269â??78, 1989), the role of mononuclear\nphagocytes are less understood. Recent reports support the crucial role of DC subsets in the development of acute\ncolitis models (Arimura et al., Mucosal Immunol 10:957â??70, 2017), and suggest they may contribute to the\npathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) by inducing Th1/Th2/Th17 responses (Matsuno et al., Inflamm Bowel Dis 23:\n1524â??34, 2017).\nResults: We performed in silico analysis and evaluated the enrichment of immune cells, with a focus on\nmononuclear phagocytes in IBD patient colonic biopsies. Samples were from different gut locations, with different\nlevels of disease severity, and with treatment response to current therapies. We observe enrichment of monocytes,\nM1 macrophages, activated DCs (aDCs) and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) in inflamed tissues from various gut\nlocations. This enrichment correlates with disease severity. Additionally, the same mononuclear phagocytes subsets\nare among the top enriched cell types in both infliximab and vedolizumab treatment non-responder samples. We\nfurther investigated the enrichment of selected DC and monocyte subsets based on gene signatures derived from\na DC- and monocyte-focused single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) study (Villani et al., Science 356:eaah4573, 2017), and\nverified enrichment in both inflamed tissues and those with treatment resistance. Moreover, we validated an\nincreased mononuclear phagocyte subset abundance in a Dextran Sulphate Sodium (DSS) induced colitis model in\nC57Bl/6 mice representative of chronic inflammation.\nConclusions: We conducted an extensive analysis of immune cell populations in IBD patient colonic samples and\nidentified enriched subsets of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells in inflamed tissues. Understanding how\nthey interact with other immune cells and other cells in the colonic microenvironment such as epithelial and\nstromal cells will help us to delineate disease pathogenesis....
Background: Zika virus (ZIKV) infection gained public health concern after the 2015 outbreak in Brazil, when\nmicrocephaly rates increased in babies born from infected mothers. It was demonstrated that ZIKV causes a\ncongenital Zika virus syndrome, including various alterations in the development of the central nervous system.\nAlthough the infection of cells from the nervous system has been well documented, less is known in respect of\nZIKV ability to infect immune cells. Herein, we investigated if peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), freshlyisolated\nfrom healthy donors, could be infected by ZIKV.\nMethods: PBMCs from healthy donors were isolated and cultured in medium with ZIKV strain Rio-U1 (MOI = 0.1).\nInfection was analyzed by RT-qPCR and flow cytometry���������....
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